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- WORLD, Page 40EL SALVADORAn Offer They Couldn't Refuse
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- As elections near, the rebels mount a violent offensive
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- By John Moody
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- The neatly typed letter to Mayor Marta Gomez de Melendez
- opened with a cordial greeting. But there was no mistaking it
- for fan mail. The message from the Marxist-led Farabundo Marti
- National Liberation Front (F.M.L.N.) informed the mayor of
- Cojutepeque that she was obstructing El Salvador's revolution
- and gave her a choice: resign within 72 hours or face "popular
- justice." Gomez, a normally outspoken member of the right-wing
- ARENA party, knew exactly what the last phrase meant. In the
- past year, eight mayors who ignored similar F.M.L.N.
- invitations to quit had been "executed," as the rebels call
- their political murders. Unwilling to become another dismal
- statistic, Gomez joined 42 other mayors who have capitulated to
- the F.M.L.N.'s strong-arm tactics.
-
- The drop-out-or-die ultimatums are an aggressive attempt to
- rectify a long-standing rebel problem. Although the F.M.L.N. has
- fought the 56,000-man Salvadoran armed forces to a stalemate
- during nine years of civil war, it has accumulated no sustained
- political influence. Now, two months before presidential
- elections, the insurgents have hit on a way to make their
- presence felt in nearly every town and village.
-
- Even as it makes a mockery of local government, the F.M.L.N.
- is challenging the Salvadoran army with its boldest military
- offensive since 1983. Two days before Christmas, a well-trained
- assault team lobbed three bombs into the headquarters of the El
- Salvador armed forces. Seconds later, three nearby car bombs
- detonated. In all, three people were killed and more than 30
- injured, most of them civilians. The same week, urban commandos
- set off two car bombs outside the air force general command in
- Ilopango. Last week the guerrillas bombed Treasury police
- headquarters, killing one person and wounding several others.
-
- The rebel offensive is timed to remind voters that the
- F.M.L.N. remains a force to be reckoned with. The election of
- moderate President Jose Napoleon Duarte in 1984 seemed to
- promise an end to the grueling war. But failed talks with the
- rebels and charges of official corruption have dissipated the
- popularity of Duarte's Christian Democratic Party. ARENA has
- strongly rebounded and seems likely to corner the votes this
- time. But many observers foresee a runoff for the presidency
- between ARENA's Alfredo Cristiani and the Christian Democratic
- candidate Fidel Chavez Mena.
-
- Far behind in the polls is the Democratic Convergence, a
- left-wing coalition. Its candidate, Guillermo Ungo, a leader of
- the rebel movement's political arm, has called openly for a
- dialogue with the F.M.L.N. While the guerrillas officially shun
- the elections as a farce, some strategists believe Ungo's
- participation may be useful. Explains Hector Silva, a spokesman
- for one of the parties in the Convergence: "Ungo knows he can't
- win. But with him running, how to end the war becomes part of
- the campaign debate."
-
- In the countryside, the rebels woo the peasants by striking
- at wealthy landowners. During the recent coffee harvest, the
- F.M.L.N. decreed that growers should pay their pickers nearly
- twice the legal minimum wage, which can be less than $2 a day.
- When some landholders refused to cooperate, armed guerrillas
- hijacked truckloads of newly harvested beans and redistributed
- the stolen booty to the pickers. Other landowners who balked at
- paying a "war tax" to finance the insurgency have been burned
- out.
-
- The rebels' show of strength comes at a particularly
- difficult time for the government, which already faces
- staggering economic trouble. This year's coffee harvest will
- probably be the scantiest in 30 years, disastrous news for a
- country that counts on this single product for one-third of its
- income. An additional 50% of its income comes from U.S. aid,
- but belt tightening in Washington could erode the $537 million
- currently allocated to El Salvador.
-
- More ominous, right-wing death squads are reviving their
- grisly trade. By one count, death-squad killings totaled more
- than 50 in 1988, more than double the number in 1987. And
- despite U.S. pressure on the Salvadoran army to respect
- civilians, soldiers are accused of responding to the guerrilla
- offensive by kidnaping and murdering suspected sympathizers.
-
- The F.M.L.N. may not be able to win a military victory, but
- its leaders evidently hope to make El Salvador ungovernable
- until they are ceded a share of the power. Yet the new surge of
- terror by both sides only brings more bitterness to a country
- that seems doomed to endless war and senseless slaughter.
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